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Personality Disorders - Knowledge Update
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Psychophysiological and behavioural characteristics of individuals comorbid for antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder
The comorbid group showed significantly higher levels of criminal behaviour than the other groups. They also showed reduced skin conductance orienting to neutral tones compared with the other groups and significantly reduced arousal and orienting to significant stimuli compared with the control group
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The relationship between depressive personality disorder and major depresssive disorder: a population-based twin study
Depressive personality disorder and major depressive disorder share a substantial proportion of genetic and environmental risk factors, but the results from this study show support for the hypothesis that the two disorders are distinct entities with overlapping, but not identical, etiologies.
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The relationship between avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: a population-based twin study
The results here suggest that there is a common genetic vulnerability to avoidant personality disorder and social phobia in women.. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that psychobiological dimensions span the axis I and axis II disorders.
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Psychotherapists' countertransference reactions towrads clients with antisocial personality disorder and schizophrenia: an empirical test of theory
The results of these MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) and ANOVA tests showed that psychotherapists showed stronger feelings of being 'dominated' (ie manipulated, talked down to) by clients with antisocial personality disorder. When working with clients with schizophrenia, counsellors showed more positive feelings (ie being liked, welcomed and in a decision-making role).
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Dichotomous thinking in borderline personality disorder
In this study, the participants evaluated characters in film clips depicting themes either specific or nonspecific to BPD. The BPD group of participants reflected a mix of positive and negative attributes, therefore suggesting that DT is multidimensional. DT in BPD occurred also in response to nonspecific stimuli, including emotionally positive stimuli.
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Nursing Care of Inpatients with Borderline Personality Disorder
This paper reviews the current literature on the nursing care of inpatients with borderline personality disorder. The effect of caring for patients with BPD on the nursing staff is discussed.
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An exploratory study of the needs of staff who are for offenders with a diagnosis of personality disorder
This article presents an exploratory interview study with staff of a medium secure unit for offenders. A model was developed from higher order categories, a core category being 'risk of isolation' to describe the sense of distance from the outside world. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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An integrative complexity analysis of cognitive behaviour therapy sessions for borderline personality disorder.
The study concludes that therapists may overcompensate for patients' poor outcome by giving more complex explanantions to patients and that higher complexity does not necessarily lead to better outcomes.
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The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): The Efficacy of Glutamatergic Agents for Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Impairments.
Randomized clinical trial of adjuntive glycine, D-cycloserine, or placebo conducted at 4 american sites with 157 DSM-IV participants. The primary outcome measures were the average "rate of change" of Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total scores and change in the average cognitive domain z-scores.
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Chocolate craving when depressed: a personality marker
Web based questionnaire completed by over 3000 individual reporting clinical depression. When depressed 44.9% of the respondants craved chocolate, specifically 50.7% of the women, 30.9% of the men. Temperament and Personality questionnaire scores quantified the chocolate cravers group as having significantly higher mean scores on the irritability, rejection sensitivity, anxious worrying, self criticism and self focused scales.
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Brief motivational counselling does not reduce alcohol consumption in people with high alcohol intake
Randomised controlled trial on 341 inpatients with excessive alcohol intake. Drinking habits assessed using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
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Family therapy does not improve outcomes in adolescents with bulima nervosa compared to CBT guided self care
Randomised controlled trial comparing Family therapy and CBT guided self care in 4 UK based eating disorder services. Assessment used the EATATE interview.
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Estrogen, menstrual cycle phases, and psychopathology in women suffering from schizophrenia
As estrogen has been hypothesized to have a protective and antipsychotic-like effect in women at risk of schizophrenia, this study aimed to evaluate the link between menstural cycle and/or estrogen levels and psychotic symptoms in 125 women.
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Prognostic indices with brief and standard CBT for panic disorder.
RCT on the predictors of outcome on patients with panic disorder. The forms of CBT used were computer assisted and one therapist directed.
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New book: Handbook of personality disorders
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Handbook of psychopathy
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Personality disorders
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Quetiapine in cluster B personality disorder
An open-label 8-week study to assess the effectiveness of quetiapine on aggressive behaviour and social dysfunctions in patients suffering from cluster B personality disorder.
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Neurocognitive deficits as a barrrier to psychosocial function in schizophrenia: effects on learning, coping and self-concept
In this article, a model is offered in which neurocognitive impairment may directly limit skills acquisition and the development of a rich personal narrative. Implications for cognitive, rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Early temperamental and psychophysiological precursors of adult psychopathic personality
This study tests the hypothesis that individuals who are more psychopathic in adulthood would be less fearful and inhibited and more stimulation seeking/sociable at age 3. It found a prospective link may exist between temperament and psychophysiology in very young children and psychopathic personality in adulthood.
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